Grade 8 : M a t h é m a t i q u e s
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Introduction
Mathematics is not what it used to be. The focus is now on problem solving skills and helping students understand the "why" as well as the "how" of mathematics skills. We encourage students to explore, discuss, even play in order to help them understand concepts more deeply. We focus on the many ways to get to the right answer, not only on the answer itself.
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Strands
The present Ontario curriculum divides Mathematics into five strands. Here is a brief overview of each.
Number Sense and Numeration
This strand deals with numbers and the patterns and systems that they follow. Topics in this strand include: whole numbers, fractions, decimals, percents, ratios, positive and negative numbers, and place values. Also included here are rates, ratios and proportinate reasoning.
Measurement
Measurement refers to anything that we measure. In grade eight we focus on the area and circumference of circles, volume and surface area of cylinders as well as the surface area and volume of triangular prisms.
Geometry and Spatial Sense
Geometry and Measurement are very closely related. Geometry is the study of shapes, both two- and three-dimensional. Geometry also incorporates the study of angles and relationships between angles. In grade eight we focus on properties of angles and on the Pythagorean theorem.
Patterning and Algebra
In the elementary years, students begin by learning about patterns: predictable series of objects or numbers. From here, students begin to learn that numbers can be represented by letters (variables) in order to represent more complex patterns. Grade eight is an important year for students to refine their understanding of algebraic equations and how to solve them.
Data Management and Probability
Data management is all about collecting , presenting, analyzing and evaluating data. Skills include how to calculate mean, media, mode and range as well as how to display data using charts and graphs (ie. bar graphs, line graphs, circle graphs, histograms, pictograms). In grade eight we help students determine the best way to present information (ie. the best choice of graph for certain data) and the best calculation of central tendancy to prove a given fact (ie. mean, median, mode and range).
Probability is the study of the likelihood that a given even will occur. It is applied to sports, weather, games and other events.
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Useful links
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Convertir entre fractions et pourcentages
On-line video lessons explaining how to write a percent as a fraction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uGuedtP7Dc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ytmys4VzI-I
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-jkAzdY7tk
Les pourcentages (Percents)
Ten on-line interactive exercises working with fractions and percents
http://www.cmath.fr/6eme/pourcentages/exercice1.php
A site showing the rate of sales tax in Canadian provinces and territories
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_taxes_in_Canada
A site that calculates sales taxes in various parts of Canada
http://www.creditfinanceplus.com/fr/calculs-simulations/calculer-taxe-vente-canada.php
Fermi Questions
An explanation of Fermi questions and a library of example questions:
http://mathforum.org/workshops/sum96/interdisc/sheila1.html
Rapports, taux et proportions (Rates, ratios and cross-multiplying)
How to cross multiply (propriété de proportions)
http://biblio.alloprof.qc.ca/PagesAnonymes/DisplayFiches.aspx?ID=2530
Overview of rates and ratios
http://mathmic.cyberakita.com/Notiti2el.htm
Video introduction to ratios, proportions and rates
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTUOV38pyhg
Video explaining how to solve problems with ratios
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvRYESuEhPI&feature=plcp
Graphiques (Graphs)
A site to check your work in creating circle graphs
http://homeomath.imingo.net/diagramme.htm (Click on the link below the graph)
An online tool to create circle graphs if you know the percents of each section
http://piecolor.com/?lang=fr&f=1
A lesson on how to create circle graphs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W92d285tYy4
Description of several kinds of graphs
http://bv.alloprof.qc.ca/mathematique/statistique/les-diagrammes-en-statistique.aspx#Les diagrammes circulaires
Entiers Relatifs (Integers: positive and negative number)
Two short interactive test on integers in French:
http://www.chez.com/zonemath/nombres/relatifs/tests/javatest1.htm
http://www.chez.com/zonemath/nombres/relatifs/tests/javatest2.htm
A French game to review integers skills:
http://www.recreomath.qc.ca/jeu_08.htm
A site that explains in French how to order, add and subtract integers with decimals. Click on "Les nombres relatifs" then choose one of the choices in the chart on the right:
http://membres.lycos.fr/francoisloric/themes/maths7.htm
A thorough explanation in French of positive and negative numbers:
http://www.cssmi.qc.ca/madameauger/Theorie_et_notes_de_cours/Theorie%20sur%20les%20nombres%
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